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Atom, the basic building block of all matter and chemistry. atoms can combine with other atoms to form molecules but cannot be divided into smaller parts by ordinary chemical processes. most of the atom is empty space. the rest consists of three basic types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Figure 2.1.1 2.1. 1: the structure of the nuclear atom with a central nucleus and surrounding electrons. the nucleus is itself composed of two kinds of particles. protons are the carriers of positive electric charge in the nucleus; the proton charge is exactly the same as the electron charge, but of opposite sign. This course covers the basic structure of the atom in chemistry, exploring topics such as dalton's atomic theory, the discovery of the electron, rutherford's atomic model, and more. by the end of the course, learners will understand the fundamental components of an atom, how atoms are organized, and the predictive power of chemistry. An atom that gains one or more electrons will exhibit a negative charge and is called an anion. positively charged atoms called cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. for example, a neutral sodium atom (z = 11) has 11 electrons. if this atom loses one electron, it will become a cation with a 1 charge (11 − 10 = 1 ).
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