This study is grounded on the theories of accident causation, particularly the human factor model (ferrell, 1997). according to this model, accidents are caused by an individual's fault due to. Together with technological advances in safety and communication, accident causation theory and accident prevention are more advanced than ever, as at least partially evidenced by the 32% reduction in nonfatal injury and illness rates over the last 10 years. 15 understanding and quantifying causation will lead us to a more scientific approach.
Accident causation theories. the domino theory. according to w.h. heinrich (1931), who developed the so called domino theory, 88% of all accidents are caused by unsafe acts of people, 10% by unsafe actions and 2% by “acts of god”. One of the earliest accident causation models is the domino theory of accident models proposed by heinrich in the 1940s and implies the linear one by one progression of multiple chain of events (domino effect) leading to the accident and finally its consequence, e.g., an injury. Since heinrich (1931) proposed the domino theory, the linear accident causation model has been well received for its clear classification of accident causes. after that, the swiss cheese model ( reason, 1990 , 1997 , 2008 ; hollnagel, 2004 ) and hfacs ( shappell and wiegmann, 2001 , 2003 , 2004 ) were also widely acclaimed. The 5m model for accident causation, which comprises man, machine, medium, mission, and management as five core areas where failing factors of accident incident may appear, is a method used to understand why accidents happen. think of it like sorting things into these categories to figure out what went wrong.
Since heinrich (1931) proposed the domino theory, the linear accident causation model has been well received for its clear classification of accident causes. after that, the swiss cheese model ( reason, 1990 , 1997 , 2008 ; hollnagel, 2004 ) and hfacs ( shappell and wiegmann, 2001 , 2003 , 2004 ) were also widely acclaimed. The 5m model for accident causation, which comprises man, machine, medium, mission, and management as five core areas where failing factors of accident incident may appear, is a method used to understand why accidents happen. think of it like sorting things into these categories to figure out what went wrong. As the theoretical foundation of safety science, accident models and theories (or safety models, accident causation models) provide a theoretical framework of accident analysis and prevention. they form the basis for many safety research and practices such as investigation of accidents, design of a safer system and decision making on safety. Abstract many accident causation models theories have been dominating the human factors literature from a range of viewpoints and in a variety of different industrial contexts. however, many of the theories models have limited applica tions with respect to capturing the underlying accident causations in modern complex systems.
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